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The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2017 Feb 01
Authors:
Edelstein AI, Weiner JA, Cook RW, Chun DS, Monroe E, Mitchell SM, Kannan A, Hsu WK, Stulberg SD, Hsu EL
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection following hip and knee arthroplasty leads to poor outcomes and exorbitant costs. Topical vancomycin powder has been shown to decrease infection in many procedures such as spine surgery. The role of vancomycin powder in the setting of total joint arthroplasty remains undefined. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular vancomycin powder in preventing infection in a rat model of a contaminated intra-articular implant.
Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent knee arthrotomy and implantation of a femoral intramedullary wire with 1 mm of intra-articular communication. The knee joint was also inoculated with 1.5 × 10 colony forming units (CFU)/mL of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Four treatment groups were studied: (1) no antibiotics (control), (2) preoperative systemic vancomycin, (3) intra-articular vancomycin powder, and (4) both systemic vancomycin and intra-articular vancomycin powder. The animals were killed on postoperative day 6, and distal femoral bone, joint capsule, and the implanted wire were harvested for bacteriologic analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher exact tests.
There were no postoperative deaths, wound complications, signs of vancomycin-related toxicity, or signs of systemic illness in any of the treatment groups. There were significantly fewer positive cultures in the group that received vancomycin powder in combination with systemic vancomycin compared with the group that received systemic vancomycin alone (bone: 0% versus 75% of 8, p = 0.007; Kirschner wire: 0% versus 63% of 8, p = 0.026; whole animal: 0% versus 88% of 8, p = 0.01). Only animals that received both vancomycin powder and systemic vancomycin showed evidence of complete elimination of bacterial contamination.
In a rat model of a contaminated intra-articular implant, use of intra-articular vancomycin powder in combination with systemic vancomycin completely eliminated MRSA bacterial contamination. Animals treated with systemic vancomycin alone had persistent MRSA contamination.
This animal study presents data suggesting that the use of intra-articular vancomycin powder for reducing the risk of periprosthetic joint infections should be investigated further in clinical studies.
PMID:
28145954
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR 2015 Dec
Authors:
Dhand S, Stulberg SD, Puri L, Karp J, Ryu RK, Lewandowski RJ
Abstract
Some patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of prIVCF in preventing PE in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery who are at high-risk for VTE.
In this prospective, IRB-approved study, prIVCF were placed in consecutive patients who met specific high-risk criteria (history of VTE or hypercoaguable state) prior to total joint arthroplasty. Patients were followed until the IVC filter was removed. Outcomes and complications were recorded per Society of Interventional Radiology guidelines.
One hundred and nine potentially retrievable IVC filters were placed in 105 patients, who all subsequently underwent joint arthroplasty. One hundred eight IVC filters (98.9%) were retrieved successfully in a mean time of 44.1 days (range 13-183 days). There was 1 failed IVC filter retrieval attempt (0.9%) at 46 days post implantation. Two patients (1.9%) presented with recurrent PE and were successfully treated with anticoagulation prior to IVC filter retrieval. There were no fatalities from perioperative PE. In 1 patient (0.9%), a fractured filter leg had embolized during retrieval.
Potentially retrievable IVC filters are safe and effective for prophylaxis against PE in patients at high-risk for VTE undergoing joint arthroplasty.
PMID:
26816965
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.) 2015 Sep
Authors:
Patel AR, Sweeney P, Ochenjele G, Wixson R, Stulberg SD, Puri LM
Abstract
Polyethylene wear and subsequent osteolysis are major obstacles to the long-term success of total hip arthroplasty (THA). We conducted a study to determine the incidence of loose acetabular components that did not show frank signs of loosening on either plain radiography or computed tomography (CT), or radiographically silent loosening (RSL). In this retrospective study, we evaluated patients who underwent revision THA and were evaluated with plain radiography and CT between 2000 and 2012. Any patient with imaging that showed signs of component movement was excluded. Of the 104 patients who met the study inclusion criteria, 17 (16.3%) met the criteria for RSL of the acetabular shell. Patients with RSL presented at a similar age (P = .961) and with a similar sex profile (P = .185) compared with patients with stable acetabular components and were more likely to present with pain (P = .0487). Acetabular components may be loose even if there is no evidence of component migration on radiographic studies. Surgeons should be aware of the incidence of RSL and the potential of RSL to affect patient care and potential surgical options.
PMID:
26372749
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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The Journal of arthroplasty 2015 Oct
Authors:
Stulberg SD, Goyal N
Abstract
Two goals of tibial tray placement in TKA are to maximize coverage and establish proper rotation. Our purpose was to utilize MRI information obtained as part of PSI planning to determine the impact of tibial tray design on the relationship between coverage and rotation. MR images for 100 consecutive knees were uploaded into PSI software. Preoperative planning software was used to evaluate 3 different tray designs: anatomic, symmetric, and asymmetric. Approximately equally good coverage was achieved with all three trays. However, the anatomic compared to symmetric/asymmetric trays required less malrotation (0.3° vs 3.0/2.4°; P < 0.001), with a higher proportion of cases within 5° of neutral (97% vs 73/77%; P < 0.001). In this study, the anatomic tibia optimized the relationship between coverage and rotation.
PMID:
25976595
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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The Journal of arthroplasty 2015 Sep
Authors:
Goyal N, Patel AR, Yaffe MA, Luo MY, Stulberg SD
Abstract
PSI software adjusts preoperative planning to accommodate differences in implant design. Such adjustments may influence the accuracy of intraoperative jig placement, bone resection, or component placement. Our purpose was to determine whether implant design influences PSI accuracy. 96 and 123 PSI TKA were performed by a single surgeon using two different implant systems and identical PSI software. Femoral coronal alignment outliers were greater for Implant 1 (23.9% Implant 1 vs. 13.4% Implant 2; P=0.050). Tibial coronal alignment outliers were greater for Implant 2 (10.9% Implant 1 vs. 22.7% Implant 2; P=0.025). There was no difference in overall mechanical axes. Differences in implant design can influence bone resection and component alignment. PSI software rationale must align with surgeons' intraoperative goals.
PMID:
25861920
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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The Journal of arthroplasty 2015 Jul
Authors:
Goyal N, Stulberg SD
Abstract
If PSI preoperative planning were perfectly precise, a single MRI would give rise to one preoperative plan. Our purpose was to determine whether a single MRI inputted into two different PSI software yielded differences in preoperative alignment determination, component sizing, and bone resection within the preoperative plan. This prospective comparative study evaluated 40 preoperative plans generated by two PSI software given identical MRI. Femoral and tibial component sizes differed between software in 37.5% and 30.0% of cases, respectively. The maximum difference in bone resection between software ranged from 2.2mm to 5.1mm. Surgeons should be prepared to intraoperatively deviate from PSI selected size by 1 size. It may be necessary to fine tune soft tissue balancing when using a PSI system.
PMID:
25762454
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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The Journal of arthroplasty 2015 Apr
Authors:
Chow I, Patel RM, Stulberg SD
Abstract
A prospective comparison of 148 hips in 139 consecutive patients treated with an off-the-shelf uncemented metaphyseal engaging (91-105 mm) stem and 69 hips in 61 patients treated with a custom uncemented metaphyseal engaging short stem was conducted to evaluate the mid-term clinical and radiographic results of an off-the-shelf metaphyseal-engaging short stem implant. All implants were radiographically stable with proximal bony in-growth. There was no significant difference in post-operative HHS (P <. 001) or WOMAC scores (P < .001) between cohorts. An off-the-shelf short femoral stem designed to fit and fill the metaphysis provides reliable fixation up to eight years with equivalent clinical and radiographic results to a customized implant.
PMID:
25680446
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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The Journal of arthroplasty 2014 Aug
Authors:
Patel AR, Talati RK, Yaffe MA, McCoy BW, Stulberg SD
Abstract
Proper femoral component rotation is crucial in successful total knee arthroplasty. Rotation using anatomic landmarks has traditionally referenced the transepicondylar axis (TEA), Whiteside's Line (WSL), or posterior condylar axis (PCA). TEA is thought to best approximate the flexion-axis of the knee, however WSL or PCA are common surrogates in the operating room. This study evaluated 560 knees using MRI-based planning software to assess the relationship of WSL and PCA to the TEA and determine if the relationships were influenced by pre-operative coronal deformity. Results showed the WSL-TEA relationship has more variability than PCA-TEA and that the PCA is more internally rotated in females and valgus knees. Axis options and historical assumptions about axis relationships may need to be reassessed as imaging technology advances.
PMID:
24746490
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery 2014 Sep
Authors:
Yaffe M, Luo M, Goyal N, Chan P, Patel A, Cayo M, Stulberg SD
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed with patient-specific instrumentation (PSI), computer-assisted surgery (CAS), and manual instruments at short-term follow-up.
122 TKAs were performed by a single surgeon: 42 with PSI, 38 with CAS, and 40 with manual instrumentation. Preoperative, 1-month, and 6-month clinical and functional outcomes were measured using the Knee Society scoring system (knee score, function score, range of motion, and pain score). Improvements in clinical and functional outcomes from the preoperative to postoperative period were analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were measured to evaluate limb and component alignment.
Preoperative, 1-month postoperative, and 6-month postoperative knee scores, function scores, range of motion, and pain scores were highest in the PSI group compared to CAS and manual instrumentation. At 6-month follow-up, PSI TKA was associated with a statistically significant improvement in functional score when compared to manual TKA. Otherwise, there were no statistically significant differences in improvements among PSI, CAS, and manual TKA groups.
The higher preoperative scores in the PSI group limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions from the raw postoperative scores, but analyzing the changes in scores revealed that PSI was associated with a statistically significant improvement in Knee Society Functional score at 6-month post-TKA as compared to CAS or manual TKA. This may be attributable to improvements in component rotation and positioning, improved component size accuracy, or other factors that are not discernible on plain radiograph.
PMID:
24337791
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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The Orthopedic clinics of North America 2014 Jan
Authors:
Patel RM, Stulberg SD
Abstract
Uncemented femoral implants of various designs have proved to provide stable initial and long-term fixation in patients who undergo total hip arthroplasty. Challenges in primary total hip arthroplasty have led to the evolution of short stem designs. These challenges include proximal/metaphyseal and distal/diaphyseal mismatch; facilitation of less-invasive surgical exposures, especially the direct anterior approach; and bone preservation for potential revision surgery.
PMID:
24267204
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]