Gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, gallbladder disease, bowel obstruction, pancreatitis, appendicitis, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or diverticulitis

Food poisoning

Urinary problems, such as a kidney stone, kidney disease, kidney infection, or bladder infection

Dietary, such as lactose intolerance or food allergy

Inflammatory disease, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis

Irritable bowel syndrome

Ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage

Infection with a parasite, such as giardia

Reproductive problems, such as endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Sickle cell disease

Blood vessel problems, such as an aortic aneurysm or peripheral arterial disease

Hernias, such as hiatal, inguinal, or umbilical